Introduction
There are two types of spondylosis. When the condition can be detected through an x-ray, it is called ankylosing spondylitis. When it cannot be found on the x-ray but is diagnosed based on symptoms, blood reports, and other tests, it is referred to as non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.
Spondylosis is an autoimmune illness, which causes two or more vertebrae of the spine to fuse. Naturally, this reduces the flexibility of the spine and makes it hunched. Sometimes even the ribs get affected by it, making it difficult to breathe. Spondylitis can be characterized by radiating pain that can be felt in the hip, abdomen, and neck. It can also cause diarrhea, skin rashes, fatigue, and vision problems. Patients can also suffer from stiffness or rigidity in the hips and lower back, especially when they move after being in one position for way too long.
Symptoms
Recognizing the early signs of spondylitis can be helpful in managing the condition. The following are some of its symptoms:
- Chronic back pain, particularly in the lower back
- Stiffness on waking up, that lasts longer than 30 minutes
- Pain that worsens when you rest but improves when you move
- Rigidity in the spine, leading to a hunched back
- Pain and swelling in the joints, specifically in the hips and shoulder
Causes
Understanding what causes to spondylitis can help in its prevention and care.
- Genetic factors, especially the presence of the HLA-B27 gene
- Autoimmune response where the body attacks its tissues
- Infections or inflammation that trigger spinal joint issues
- Repeated stress on the spine from physical activities or injuries
Diagnosis and Treatment
Correct diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical in managing spondylitis.
- Physical examination, imaging tests like X-rays or MRI, and blood tests to check for the HLA-B27 gene are ways to diagnose spondylitis.
- Apart from medications, physical therapy is very essential to improve posture and flexibility.
- Patients with spondylitis are recommended stretching routines, daily exercise, and a balanced diet.
- Surgery is required but may be considered in severe cases.
Risk Factors
Certain factors can increase the chances of developing spondylitis. They are as follows:
- Family history of spondylitis or related autoimmune diseases
- Men are more likely to be affected
- Age is a factor, it can affect late adolescents to those in the early 40s
- Having the HLA-B27 gene increases susceptibility
- Chronic stress or trauma to the spine